1. Devatāsaṃyuttaṃ
1. Naḷavaggo
1. Oghataraṇasuttavaṇṇanā
Tattha saṃyuttāgamo nāma sagāthāvaggo, nidānavaggo, khandhakavaggo, saḷāyatanavaggo, mahāvaggoti pañcavaggo hoti. Suttato –
‘‘Satta suttasahassāni, satta suttasatāni ca;
Dvāsaṭṭhi ceva suttāni, eso saṃyuttasaṅgaho’’.
Bhāṇavārato bhāṇavārasataṃ hoti. Tassa vaggesu sagāthāvaggo ādi, suttesu oghataraṇasuttaṃ. Tassāpi ‘‘evaṃ me suta’’ntiādikaṃ āyasmatā ānandena paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikāle vuttaṃ nidānamādi. Sā panesā paṭhamamahāsaṅgīti sumaṅgalavilāsiniyā dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathāya ādimhi vitthāritā, tasmā sā tattha vitthāritanayeneva veditabbā.
1. Yaṃ panetaṃ ‘‘evaṃ me suta’’ntiādikaṃ nidānaṃ, tattha evanti nipātapadaṃ. Metiādīni nāmapadāni. Sāvatthiyaṃ viharatīti ettha vīti upasaggapadaṃ, haratīti ākhyātapadanti iminā tāva nayena padavibhāgo veditabbo.
Atthato pana evaṃsaddo tāva upamūpadesa-sampahaṃsana-garahaṇa-vacanasampaṭiggahākāranidassanāvadhāraṇādi-anekatthappabhedo. Tathā hesa – ‘‘evaṃ jātena maccena, kattabbaṃ kusalaṃ bahu’’nti (dha. pa. 53) evamādīsu upamāyaṃ āgato. ‘‘Evaṃ te abhikkamitabbaṃ , evaṃ te paṭikkamitabba’’ntiādīsu (a. ni. 4.122) upadese. ‘‘Evametaṃ bhagavā, evametaṃ sugatā’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 3.66) sampahaṃsane. ‘‘Evamevaṃ panāyaṃ vasalī yasmiṃ vā tasmiṃ vā tassa muṇḍakassa samaṇakassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsatī’’tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 1.187) garahaṇe. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhanteti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosu’’ntiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.1) vacanasampaṭiggahe. ‘‘Evaṃ byā kho ahaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.398) ākāre . ‘‘Ehi tvaṃ māṇavaka, yena samaṇo ānando tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā mama vacanena samaṇaṃ ānandaṃ appābādhaṃ appātaṅkaṃ lahuṭṭhānaṃ balaṃ phāsuvihāraṃ puccha – ‘subho māṇavo todeyyaputto bhavantaṃ ānandaṃ appābādhaṃ appātaṅkaṃ lahuṭṭhānaṃ balaṃ phāsuvihāraṃ pucchatī’ti. Evañca vadehi – ‘sādhu kira bhavaṃ ānando yena subhassa māṇavassa todeyyaputtassa nivesanaṃ, tenupasaṅkamatu anukampaṃ upādāyā’ti’’ādīsu (dī. ni. 1.445) nidassane. ‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññatha kālāmā, ime dhammā kusalā vā akusalā vāti? Akusalā, bhante. Sāvajjā vā anavajjā vāti? Sāvajjā, bhante. Viññugarahitā vā viññuppasatthā vāti? Viññugarahitā, bhante. Samattā samādinnā ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanti vā no vā, kathaṃ vo ettha hotīti? Samattā, bhante, samādinnā ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanti, evaṃ no ettha hotī’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 3.66) avadhāraṇe. Svāyamidha ākāranidassanāvadhāraṇesu daṭṭhabbo.
Tattha ākāratthena evaṃsaddena etamatthaṃ dīpeti – nānānayanipuṇaṃ anekajjhāsayasamuṭṭhānaṃ atthabyañjanasampannaṃ vividhapāṭihāriyaṃ dhammatthadesanā paṭivedhagambhīraṃ sabbasattānaṃ sakasakabhāsānurūpato sotapathamāgacchantaṃ tassa bhagavato vacanaṃ sabbappakārena ko samattho viññātuṃ? Sabbathāmena pana sotukāmataṃ janetvāpi evaṃ me sutaṃ, mayāpi ekenākārena sutanti.
Nidassanatthena – ‘‘nāhaṃ sayambhū, na mayā idaṃ sacchikata’’nti attānaṃ parimocento – ‘‘evaṃ me sutaṃ, mayāpi evaṃ suta’’nti idāni vattabbaṃ sakalasuttaṃ nidasseti.
Avadhāraṇatthena – ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bahussutānaṃ yadidaṃ ānando, gatimantānaṃ, satimantānaṃ, dhitimantānaṃ, upaṭṭhākānaṃ yadidaṃ ānando’’ti (a. ni. 1.220-223) evaṃ bhagavatā – ‘‘āyasmā ānando atthakusalo dhammakusalo byañjanakusalo niruttikusalo pubbāparakusalo’’ti (a. ni. 5.169) evaṃ dhammasenāpatinā ca pasatthabhāvānurūpaṃ attano dhāraṇabalaṃ dassento sattānaṃ sotukāmataṃ janeti – ‘‘evaṃ me sutaṃ, tañca kho atthato vā byañjanato vā anūnamanadhikaṃ, evameva na aññathā daṭṭhabba’’nti.
Mesaddo tīsu atthesu dissati. Tathā hissa – ‘‘gāthābhigītaṃ me abhojaneyya’’ntiādīsu (su. ni. 81) mayāti attho. ‘‘Sādhu me, bhante, bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetū ’’ tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 4.88) mayhanti attho. ‘‘Dhammadāyādā me, bhikkhave, bhavathā’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.29) mamāti attho. Idha pana ‘‘mayā suta’’nti ca ‘‘mama suta’’nti ca atthadvaye yujjati.
Sutanti ayaṃ sutasaddo saupasaggo anupasaggo ca gamana-vissuta-kilinnaupacitānuyoga-sotaviññeyya-sotadvārānusāraviññātādianekatthappabhedo. Tathā hissa – ‘‘senāya pasuto’’tiādīsu gacchantoti attho. ‘‘Sutadhammassa passato’’tiādīsu (udā. 11) vissutadhammassāti attho. ‘‘Avassutā avassutassā’’tiādīsu (pāci. 657) kilinnākilinnassāti attho. ‘‘Tumhehi puññaṃ pasutaṃ anappaka’’ntiādīsu (khu. pā. 7.12) upacitanti attho. ‘‘Ye jhānapasutā dhīrā’’tiādīsu (dha. pa. 181) jhānānuyuttāti attho. ‘‘Diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ muta’’ntiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.241) sotaviññeyyanti attho. ‘‘Sutadharo sutasannicayo’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.339) sotadvārānusāraviññātadharoti attho. Idha panassa sotadvārānusārena upadhāritanti vā upadhāraṇanti vā attho. Me-saddassa hi mayāti atthe sati – ‘‘evaṃ mayā sutaṃ, sotadvārānusārena upadhārita’’nti yujjati. Mamāti atthe sati – ‘‘evaṃ mama sutaṃ, sotadvārānusārena upadhāraṇa’’nti yujjati.
Evametesu tīsu padesu evanti sotaviññāṇādiviññāṇakiccanidassanaṃ. Meti vuttaviññāṇasamaṅgipuggalanidassanaṃ. Sutanti assavanabhāvapaṭikkhepato anūnānadhikāviparītaggahaṇanidassanaṃ. Tathā evanti tassa sotadvārānusārena pavattāya viññāṇavīthiyā nānappakārena ārammaṇe pavattibhāvappakāsanaṃ. Meti attappakāsanaṃ. Sutanti dhammappakāsanaṃ. Ayañhettha saṅkhepo – ‘‘nānappakārena ārammaṇe pavattāya viññāṇavīthiyā mayā na aññaṃ kataṃ, idaṃ pana kataṃ, ayaṃ dhammo suto’’ti.
Tathā evanti niddisitabbappakāsanaṃ. Meti puggalappakāsanaṃ. Sutanti puggalakiccappakāsanaṃ. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – ‘‘yaṃ suttaṃ niddisissāmi, taṃ mayā evaṃ suta’’nti.
Tathā evanti yassa cittasantānassa nānākārappavattiyā nānatthabyañjanagahaṇaṃ hoti, tassa nānākāraniddeso . Evanti hi ayaṃ ākārapaññatti. Meti kattuniddeso. Sutanti visayaniddeso. Ettāvatā nānākārappavattena cittasantānena taṃsamaṅgino kattuvisaye gahaṇasanniṭṭhānaṃ kataṃ hoti.
Atha vā evanti puggalakiccaniddeso. Sutanti viññāṇakiccaniddeso. Meti ubhayakiccayuttapuggalaniddeso. Ayaṃ panettha saṅkhepo – ‘‘mayā savanakiccaviññāṇasamaṅginā puggalena viññāṇavasena laddhasavanakiccavohārena suta’’nti.
Tattha evanti ca meti ca saccikaṭṭhaparamatthavasena avijjamānapaññatti. Kiñhettha taṃ paramatthato atthi, yaṃ evanti vā meti vā niddesaṃ labhetha. Sutanti vijjamānapaññatti. Yañhi taṃ ettha sotena upaladdhaṃ, taṃ paramatthato vijjamānanti. Tathāevanti ca meti ca taṃ taṃ upādāya vattabbato upādāpaññatti. Sutanti diṭṭhādīni upanidhāya vattabbato upanidhāpaññatti.
Ettha ca evanti vacanena asammohaṃ dīpeti. Na hi sammūḷho nānappakārapaṭivedhasamattho hoti. Sutanti vacanena sutassa asammosaṃ dīpeti. Yassa hi sutaṃ sammuṭṭhaṃ hoti, na so kālantarena mayā sutanti paṭijānāti. Iccassa asammohena paññāsiddhi, asammosena pana satisiddhi. Tattha paññāpubbaṅgamāya satiyā byañjanāvadhāraṇasamatthatā, satipubbaṅgamāya paññāya atthapaṭivedhasamatthatā . Tadubhayasamatthatāyogena atthabyañjanasampannassa dhammakosassa anupālanasamatthato dhammabhaṇḍāgārikattasiddhi.
Aparo nayo – evanti vacanena yoniso manasikāraṃ dīpeti, ayoniso manasikaroto hi nānappakārapaṭivedhābhāvato. Sutanti vacanena avikkhepaṃ dīpeti vikkhittacittassa savanābhāvato. Tathā hi vikkhittacitto puggalo sabbasampattiyā vuccamānopi ‘‘na mayā sutaṃ, puna bhaṇathā’’ti bhaṇati. Yoniso manasikārena cettha attasammāpaṇidhiṃ pubbe ca katapuññataṃ sādheti, sammā appaṇihitattassa pubbe akatapuññassa vā tadabhāvato. Avikkhepena saddhammassavanaṃ sappurisūpanissayañca sādheti. Na hi vikkhittacitto sotuṃ sakkoti, na ca sappurise anupanissayamānassa savanaṃ atthīti.
Aparo nayo – yasmā ‘‘evanti yassa cittasantānassa nānākārappavattiyā nānatthabyañjanaggahaṇaṃ hoti, tassa nānākāraniddeso’’ti vuttaṃ, so ca evaṃ bhaddako ākāro na sammā appaṇihitattano pubbe akatapuññassa vā hoti, tasmā evanti iminā bhaddakena ākārena pacchimacakkadvayasampattimattano dīpeti. Sutanti savanayogena purimacakkadvayasampattiṃ. Na hi appatirūpadese vasato sappurisūpanissayavirahitassa vā savanaṃ atthi. Iccassa pacchimacakkadvayasiddhiyā āsayasuddhi siddhā hoti, purimacakkadvayasiddhiyā payogasuddhi, tāya ca āsayasuddhiyā adhigamabyattisiddhi, payogasuddhiyā āgamabyattisiddhi. Iti payogāsayasuddhassa āgamādhigamasampannassa vacanaṃ aruṇuggaṃ viya sūriyassa udayato, yoniso manasikāro viya ca kusalakammassa, arahati bhagavato vacanassa pubbaṅgamaṃ bhavitunti ṭhāne nidānaṃ ṭhapento evaṃ me sutantiādimāha.
Aparo nayo – evanti iminā nānappakārapaṭivedhadīpakena vacanena attano atthapaṭibhānapaṭisambhidāsampattisabbhāvaṃ dīpeti. Sutanti iminā sotabbabhedapaṭivedhadīpakena dhammaniruttipaṭisambhidāsampattisabbhāvaṃ. Evanti ca idaṃ yoniso manasikāradīpakavacanaṃ bhāsamāno – ‘‘ete mayā dhammā manasānupekkhitā diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā’’ti dīpeti. Sutanti idaṃ savanayogadīpakavacanaṃ bhāsamāno – ‘‘bahū mayā dhammā sutā dhātā vacasā paricitā’’ti dīpeti. Tadubhayenapi atthabyañjanapāripūriṃ dīpento savane ādaraṃ janeti. Atthabyañjanaparipuṇṇañhi dhammaṃ ādarena assuṇanto mahatā hitā paribāhiro hotīti ādaraṃ janetvā sakkaccaṃ dhammo sotabboti.
Evaṃme sutanti iminā pana sakalena vacanena āyasmā ānando tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammaṃ attano adahanto asappurisabhūmiṃ atikkamati, sāvakattaṃ paṭijānanto sappurisabhūmiṃ okkamati. Tathā asaddhammā cittaṃ vuṭṭhāpeti, saddhamme cittaṃ patiṭṭhāpeti. ‘‘Kevalaṃ sutamevetaṃ mayā, tasseva pana bhagavato vacana’’nti dīpento attānaṃ parimoceti, satthāraṃ apadisati, jinavacanaṃ appeti, dhammanettiṃ patiṭṭhāpeti.
Apica ‘‘evaṃ me suta’’nti attanā uppāditabhāvaṃ appaṭijānanto purimavacanaṃ vivaranto – ‘‘sammukhā paṭiggahitamidaṃ mayā tassa bhagavato catuvesārajjavisāradassa dasabaladharassa āsabhaṭṭhānaṭṭhāyino sīhanādanādino sabbasattuttamassa dhammissarassa dhammarājassa dhammādhipatino dhammadīpassa dhammasaraṇassa saddhammavaracakkavattino sammāsambuddhassa vacanaṃ, na ettha atthe vā dhamme vā pade vā byañjane vā kaṅkhā vā vimati vā kattabbā’’ti sabbadevamanussānaṃ imasmiṃ dhamme assaddhiyaṃ vināseti, saddhāsampadaṃ uppādetīti. Tenetaṃ vuccati –
‘‘Vināsayati assaddhaṃ, saddhaṃ vaḍḍheti sāsane;
Evaṃ me sutamiccevaṃ, vadaṃ gotamasāvako’’ti.
Ekanti gaṇanaparicchedaniddeso. Samayanti paricchinnaniddeso. Ekaṃ samayanti aniyamitaparidīpanaṃ. Tattha samayasaddo –
‘‘Samavāye khaṇe kāle, samūhe hetudiṭṭhisu;
Paṭilābhe pahāne ca, paṭivedhe ca dissati’’.
Tathā hissa ‘‘appeva nāma svepi upasaṅkameyyāma kālañca samayañca upādāyā’’ti evamādīsu (dī. ni. 1.447) samavāyo attho. ‘‘Ekova kho, bhikkhave, khaṇo ca samayo ca brahmacariyavāsāyā’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 8.29) khaṇo. ‘‘Uṇhasamayo pariḷāhasamayo’’tiādīsu (pāci. 358) kālo. ‘‘Mahāsamayo pavanasmi’’ntiādīsu (dī. ni. 2.332) samūho. ‘‘Samayopi kho te, bhaddāli, appaṭividdho ahosi, bhagavā kho sāvatthiyaṃ viharati, bhagavāpi maṃ jānissati – ‘bhaddāli, nāma bhikkhu satthusāsane sikkhāya aparipūrakārī’ti. Ayampi kho te , bhaddāli, samayo appaṭividdho ahosī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 2.135) hetu. ‘‘Tena kho pana samayena uggāhamāno paribbājako samaṇamuṇḍikāputto samayappavādake tindukācīre ekasālake mallikāya ārāme paṭivasatī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 2.260) diṭṭhi.
‘‘Diṭṭhe dhamme ca yo attho, yo cattho samparāyiko;
Atthābhisamayā dhīro, paṇḍitoti pavuccatī’’ti. –
Ādīsu (saṃ. ni. 1.129) paṭilābho. ‘‘Sammā mānābhisamayā antamakāsi dukkhassā’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.28) pahānaṃ. ‘‘Dukkhassa pīḷanaṭṭho saṅkhataṭṭho santāpaṭṭho vipariṇāmaṭṭho abhisamayaṭṭho’’tiādīsu (paṭi. ma. 2.8) paṭivedho. Idha panassa kālo attho. Tena saṃvacchara-utu-māsaḍḍhamāsa-ratti-diva-pubbaṇha-majjhanhika-sāyanha-paṭhamamajjhimapacchimayāma-muhuttādīsu kālappabhedabhūtesu samayesu ekaṃ samayanti dīpeti.
Tattha kiñcāpi etesu saṃvaccharādīsu samayesu yaṃ yaṃ suttaṃ yasmiṃ yasmiṃ saṃvacchare utumhi māse pakkhe rattibhāge divasabhāge vā vuttaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ therassa suviditaṃ suvavatthāpitaṃ paññāya. Yasmā pana ‘‘evaṃ me sutaṃ asukasaṃvacchare asukautumhi asukamāse asukapakkhe asukarattibhāge asukadivasabhāge vā’’ti evaṃ vutte na sakkā sukhena dhāretuṃ vā uddisituṃ vā uddisāpetuṃ vā, bahu ca vattabbaṃ hoti, tasmā ekeneva padena tamatthaṃ samodhānetvā ‘‘ekaṃ samaya’’nti āha.
Ye vā ime gabbhokkantisamayo jātisamayo saṃvegasamayo abhinikkhamanasamayo dukkarakārikasamayo māravijayasamayo abhisambodhisamayo diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārasamayo desanāsamayo parinibbānasamayoti evamādayo bhagavato devamanussesu ativiya suppakāsā anekakālappabhedā eva samayā. Tesu samayesu desanāsamayasaṅkhātaṃ ekaṃ samayanti dīpeti. Yo cāyaṃ ñāṇakaruṇākiccasamayesu karuṇākiccasamayo, attahitaparahitapaṭipattisamayesu parahitapaṭipattisamayo , sannipatitānaṃ karaṇīyadvayasamayesu dhammikathāsamayo, desanāpaṭipattisamayesu desanāsamayo, tesupi samayesu aññataraṃ sandhāya ‘‘ekaṃ samaya’’nti āha.
Kasmā panettha yathā abhidhamme ‘‘yasmiṃ samaye kāmāvacara’’nti ca ito aññesu suttapadesu ‘‘yasmiṃ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehī’’ti ca bhummavacanena niddeso kato, vinaye ca ‘‘tena samayena buddho bhagavā’’ti karaṇavacanena, tathā akatvā ‘‘ekaṃ samaya’’nti upayogavacanena niddeso katoti. Tattha tathā, idha ca aññathā atthasambhavato. Tattha hi abhidhamme ito aññesu suttapadesu ca adhikaraṇattho bhāvenabhāvalakkhaṇattho ca sambhavati. Adhikaraṇañhi kālattho samūhattho ca samayo, tattha vuttānaṃ phassādidhammānaṃ khaṇasamavāyahetusaṅkhātassa ca samayassa bhāvena tesaṃ bhāvo lakkhīyati. Tasmā tadatthajotanatthaṃ tattha bhummavacananiddeso kato.
Vinaye ca hetuattho karaṇattho ca sambhavati. Yo hi so sikkhāpadapaññattisamayo sāriputtādīhipi dubbiññeyyo, tena samayena hetubhūtena karaṇabhūtena ca sikkhāpadāni paññāpayanto sikkhāpadapaññattihetuñca apekkhamāno bhagavā tattha tattha vihāsi. Tasmā tadatthajotanatthaṃ tattha karaṇavacanena niddeso kato.
Idha pana aññasmiṃ ca evaṃjātike accantasaṃyogattho sambhavati. Yañhi samayaṃ bhagavā imaṃ aññaṃ vā suttantaṃ desesi, accantameva taṃ samayaṃ karuṇāvihārena vihāsi. Tasmā tadatthajotanatthaṃ idha upayogavacananiddeso katoti.
‘‘Taṃ taṃ atthamapekkhitvā, bhummena karaṇena ca;
Aññatra samayo vutto, upayogena so idhā’’ti.
Porāṇā pana vaṇṇayanti – ‘‘tasmiṃ samaye’’ti vā ‘‘tena samayenā’’ti vā ‘‘ekaṃ samaya’’nti vā abhilāpamattabhedo esa, sabbattha bhummameva atthoti. Tasmā ‘‘ekaṃ samaya’’nti vuttepi ‘‘ekasmiṃ samaye’’ti attho veditabbo.
Bhagavāti garu. Garuṃ hi loke ‘‘bhagavā’’ti vadanti. Ayañca sabbaguṇavisiṭṭhatāya sabbasattānaṃ garu, tasmā ‘‘bhagavā’’ti veditabbo. Porāṇehipi vuttaṃ –
‘‘Bhagavāti vacanaṃ seṭṭhaṃ, bhagavāti vacanamuttamaṃ;
Garu gāravayutto so, bhagavā tena vuccatī’’ti. (visuddhi. 1.142);
‘‘Bhagyavā bhaggavā yutto, bhagehi ca vibhattavā;
Bhattavā vantagamano, bhavesu bhagavā tato’’ti. –
Imissā gāthāya vasenassa padassa vitthārato attho veditabbo. So ca visuddhimagge (visuddhi. 1.144) buddhānussatiniddese vuttoyeva.
Ettāvatā cettha evaṃ me sutanti vacanena yathāsutaṃ dhammaṃ dassento bhagavato dhammasarīraṃ paccakkhaṃ karoti. Tena ‘‘nayidaṃ atikkantasatthukaṃ pāvacanaṃ, ayaṃ vo satthā’’ti satthu adassanena ukkaṇṭhitaṃ janaṃ samassāseti. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavāti vacanena tasmiṃ samaye bhagavato avijjamānabhāvaṃ dassento rūpakāyaparinibbānaṃ sādheti. Tena ‘‘evaṃvidhassa nāma ariyadhammassa desako dasabaladharo vajirasaṅghātasamānakāyo sopi bhagavā parinibbuto, kena aññena jīvite āsā janetabbā’’ti jīvitamadamattaṃ janaṃ saṃvejeti, saddhamme cassa ussāhaṃ janeti. Evanti ca bhaṇanto desanāsampattiṃ niddisati. Me sutanti sāvakasampattiṃ. Ekaṃ samayanti kālasampattiṃ. Bhagavāti desakasampattiṃ.
Sāvatthiyanti evaṃnāmake nagare. Samīpatthe cetaṃ bhummavacanaṃ. Viharatīti avisesena iriyāpathadibbabrahmaariyavihāresu aññataravihārasamaṅgīparidīpanametaṃ. Idha pana ṭhānagamananisajjāsayanappabhedesu iriyāpathesu aññatarairiyāpathasamāyogaparidīpanaṃ , tena ṭhitopi gacchantopi nisinnopi sayānopi bhagavā viharaticceva veditabbo. So hi ekaṃ iriyāpathabādhanaṃ aññena iriyāpathena vicchinditvā aparipatantaṃ attabhāvaṃ harati pavatteti, tasmā ‘‘viharatī’’ti vuccati.
Jetavaneti jetassa rājakumārassa vane. Tañhi tena ropitaṃ saṃvaḍḍhitaṃ paripālitaṃ ahosi, tasmā ‘‘jetavana’’nti saṅkhaṃ gataṃ. Tasmiṃ jetavane. Anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāmeti anāthapiṇḍikena gahapatinā catupaññāsahiraññakoṭipariccāgena buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa niyyātitattā ‘‘anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāmo’’ti saṅkhaṃ gate ārāme. Ayamettha saṅkhepo, vitthāro pana papañcasūdaniyā majjhimaṭṭhakathāya sabbāsavasuttavaṇṇanāyaṃ (ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.14) vutto.
Tattha siyā – yadi tāva bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati, ‘‘jetavane’’ti na vattabbaṃ. Atha tattha viharati, ‘‘sāvatthiya’’nti na vattabbaṃ. Na hi sakkā ubhayattha ekaṃ samayaṃ viharitunti. Na kho panetaṃ evaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ.
Nanu avocumha ‘‘samīpatthe bhummavacana’’nti. Tasmā yathā gaṅgāyamunādīnaṃ samīpe goyūthāni carantāni ‘‘gaṅgāyaṃ caranti, yamunāyaṃ carantī’’ti vuccati, evamidhāpi yadidaṃ sāvatthiyā samīpe jetavanaṃ, tattha viharanto vuccati ‘‘sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane’’ti. Gocaragāmanidassanatthaṃ hissa sāvatthivacanaṃ, pabbajitānurūpanivāsaṭṭhānanidassanatthaṃ sesavacanaṃ.
Aññatarā devatāti nāmagottavasena apākaṭā ekā devatāti attho. ‘‘Abhijānāti no, bhante, bhagavā ahu ñātaññatarassa mahesakkhassa yakkhassa saṃkhittena taṇhāsaṅkhayavimuttiṃ bhāsitā’’ti ettha pana abhiññāto sakkopi devarājā ‘‘aññataro’’ti vutto. ‘‘Devatā’’tica idaṃ devānampi devadhītānampi sādhāraṇavacanaṃ. Imasmiṃ panatthe devo adhippeto, so ca kho rūpāvacarānaṃ devānaṃ aññataro.
Abhikkantāya rattiyāti ettha abhikkanta-saddo khayasundarābhirūpaabbhānumodanādīsu dissati . Tattha ‘‘abhikkantā, bhante, ratti, nikkhanto paṭhamo yāmo , ciranisinno bhikkhusaṅgho, uddisatu, bhante, bhagavā bhikkhūnaṃ pātimokkha’’nti evamādīsu (a. ni. 8.20; cūḷava. 383) khaye dissati. ‘‘Ayaṃ imesaṃ catunnaṃ puggalānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti evamādīsu (a. ni. 4.100) sundare.
‘‘Ko me vandati pādāni, iddhiyā yasasā jalaṃ;
Abhikkantena vaṇṇena, sabbā obhāsayaṃ disā’’ti. –
Evamādīsu (vi. va. 857) abhirūpe. ‘‘Abhikkantaṃ bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ bho gotamā’’ti evamādīsu (pārā. 15) abbhānumodane. Idha pana khaye. Tena abhikkantāya rattiyā, parikkhīṇāya rattiyāti vuttaṃ hoti. Tatthāyaṃ devaputto majjhimayāmasamanantare āgatoti veditabbo. Niyāmo hi kiresa devatānaṃ yadidaṃ buddhānaṃ vā buddhasāvakānaṃ vā upaṭṭhānaṃ āgacchantā majjhimayāmasamanantareyeva āgacchanti.
Abhikkantavaṇṇāti idha abhikkanta-saddo abhirūpe, vaṇṇa-saddo pana chavithuti-kulavagga-kāraṇa-saṇṭhānappamāṇa-rūpāyatanādīsu dissati. Tattha ‘‘suvaṇṇavaṇṇosi bhagavā’’ti evamādīsu (su. ni. 553) chaviyā. ‘‘Kadā saññūḷhā pana te, gahapati, ime samaṇassa vaṇṇā’’ti evamādīsu (ma. ni. 2.77) thutiyaṃ. ‘‘Cattārome, bho gotama, vaṇṇā’’ti evamādīsu (dī. ni. 3.115) kulavagge. ‘‘Atha kena nu vaṇṇena, gandhathenoti vuccatī’’ti evamādīsu (saṃ. ni. 1.234) kāraṇe. ‘‘Mahantaṃ hatthirājavaṇṇaṃ abhinimminitvā’’ti evamādīsu (saṃ. ni. 1.138) saṇṭhāne. ‘‘Tayo pattassa vaṇṇā’’ti evamādīsu (pārā. 602) pamāṇe. ‘‘Vaṇṇo gandho raso ojā’’ti evamādīsu rūpāyatane. So idha chaviyā daṭṭhabbo. Tena abhikkantavaṇṇā abhirūpacchavi, iṭṭhavaṇṇā manāpavaṇṇāti vuttaṃ hoti. Devatā hi manussalokaṃ āgacchamānā pakativaṇṇaṃ pakatiiddhiṃ jahitvā oḷārikaṃ attabhāvaṃ katvā atirekavaṇṇaṃ atirekaiddhiṃ māpetvā naṭasamajjādīni gacchantā manussā viya abhisaṅkhatena kāyena āgacchanti. Tattha kāmāvacarā anabhisaṅkhatenapi āgantuṃ sakkonti, rūpāvacarā pana na sakkonti. Tesañhi atisukhumo attabhāvo, na tena iriyāpathakappanaṃ hoti. Tasmā ayaṃ devaputto abhisaṅkhateneva āgato. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘abhikkantavaṇṇā’’ti.
Kevalakappanti ettha kevala-saddo anavasesa-yebhuyyābyāmissānatirekadaḷhatthavisaṃyogādianekattho. Tathā hissa ‘‘kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariya’’nti evamādīsu (pārā. 1) anavasesatthamattho. ‘‘Kevalakappā ca aṅgamagadhā pahūtaṃ khādanīyabhojanīyaṃ ādāya upasaṅkamissantī’’ti evamādīsu (mahāva. 43) yebhuyyatā. ‘‘Kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hotī’’ti evamādīsu (vibha. 225) abyāmissatā. ‘‘Kevalaṃ saddhāmattakaṃ nūna ayamāyasmā’’ti evamādīsu (mahāva. 244) anatirekatā. ‘‘Āyasmato, bhante, anuruddhassa bāhiyo nāma saddhivihāriko kevalakappaṃ saṅghabhedāya ṭhito’’ti evamādīsu (a. ni. 4.243) daḷhatthatā. ‘‘Kevalī vusitavā uttamapurisoti vuccatī’’ti evamādīsu (saṃ. ni. 3.57) visaṃyogo attho. Idha panassa anavasesattho adhippeto.
Kappa-saddo panāyaṃ abhisaddahana-vohāra-kāla-paññatti-chedana-vikappa-lesasamantabhāvādianekattho. Tathā hissa ‘‘okappaniyametaṃ bhoto gotamassa, yathā taṃ arahato sammāsambuddhassā’’ti evamādīsu (ma. ni. 1.387) abhisaddahanamattho. ‘‘Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, pañcahi samaṇakappehi phalaṃ paribhuñjitu’’nti evamādīsu (cūḷava. 250) vohāro. ‘‘Yena sudaṃ niccakappaṃ viharāmī’’ti evamādīsu (ma. ni. 1.387) kālo. ‘‘Iccāyasmā kappo’’ti evamādīsu paññatti. ‘‘Alaṅkato kappitakesamassū’’ti evamādīsu (vi. va. 1094, 1101) chedanaṃ. ‘‘Kappati dvaṅgulakappo’’ti evamādīsu (cūḷava. 446) vikappo. ‘‘Ātthi kappo nipajjitu’’nti evamādīsu (a. ni. 8.80) leso. ‘‘Kevalakappaṃ veḷuvanaṃ obhāsetvā’’ti evamādīsu (saṃ. ni. 1.94) samantabhāvo. Idha panassa samantabhāvattho adhippeto. Tasmā kevalakappaṃ jetavananti ettha ‘‘anavasesaṃ samantato jetavana’’nti evamattho daṭṭhabbo.
Obhāsetvāti vatthālaṅkārasarīrasamuṭṭhitāya ābhāya pharitvā, candimā viya sūriyo viya ca ekobhāsaṃ ekapajjotaṃ karitvāti attho.
Yenāti bhummatthe karaṇavacanaṃ. Yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamīti tasmā ‘‘yattha bhagavā, tattha upasaṅkamī’’ti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo. Yena vā kāraṇena bhagavā devamanussehi upasaṅkamitabbo, tena kāraṇena upasaṅkamīti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo. Kena ca kāraṇena bhagavā upasaṅkamitabbo? Nānappakāraguṇavisesādhigamādhippāyena, sāduphalūpabhogādhippāyena dijagaṇehi niccaphalitamahārukkho viya. Upasaṅkamīti ca gatāti vuttaṃ hoti. Upasaṅkamitvāti upasaṅkamanapariyosānadīpanaṃ. Atha vā evaṃ gatā tato āsannataraṃ ṭhānaṃ bhagavato samīpasaṅkhātaṃ gantvātipi vuttaṃ hoti.
Idāni yenatthena loke aggapuggalassa upaṭṭhānaṃ āgatā, taṃ pucchitukāmā dasanakhasamodhānasamujjalaṃ añjuliṃ sirasi patiṭṭhapetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantanti bhāvanapuṃsakaniddeso – ‘‘visamaṃ candimasūriyā parivattantī’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 4.70) viya. Tasmā yathā ṭhitā ekamantaṃ ṭhitā hoti, tathā aṭṭhāsīti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo. Bhummatthe vā etaṃ upayogavacanaṃ. Aṭṭhāsīti ṭhānaṃ kappesi. Paṇḍitā hi devamanussā garuṭṭhāniyaṃ upasaṅkamitvā āsanakusalatāya ekamantaṃ tiṭṭhanti, ayañca devo tesaṃ aññataro, tasmā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi.
Kathaṃ ṭhito pana ekamantaṃ ṭhito hotīti? Cha ṭhānadose vajjetvā. Seyyathidaṃ – atidūraṃ, accāsannaṃ, uparivātaṃ , unnatappadesaṃ, atisammukhaṃ, atipacchāti. Atidūre ṭhito hi sace kathetukāmo hoti, uccāsaddena kathetabbaṃ hoti. Accāsanne ṭhito saṅghaṭṭanaṃ karoti. Uparivāte ṭhito sarīragandhena bādhati. Unnatappadese ṭhito agāravaṃ pakāseti. Atisammukhā ṭhito sace daṭṭhukāmo hoti, cakkhunā cakkhuṃ āhacca daṭṭhabbaṃ hoti. Atipacchā ṭhito sace daṭṭhukāmo hoti, gīvaṃ pasāretvā daṭṭhabbaṃ hoti. Tasmā ayampi ete cha ṭhānadose vajjetvā aṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsī’’ti.
Etadavocāti etaṃ avoca. Kathaṃ nūti kāraṇapucchā. Bhagavato hi tiṇṇoghabhāvo dasasahassilokadhātuyā pākaṭo, tenimissā devatāya tattha kaṅkhā natthi, iminā pana kāraṇena ‘‘tiṇṇo’’ti na jānāti, tena sā taṃ kāraṇaṃ pucchamānā evamāha.
Mārisāti devatānaṃ piyasamudācāravacanametaṃ. Niddukkhāti vuttaṃ hoti. Yadi evaṃ ‘‘yadā kho te, mārisa, saṅkunā saṅku hadaye samāgaccheyya, atha naṃ tvaṃ jāneyyāsi ‘vassasahassaṃ me niraye paccamānassā’’’ti (ma. ni. 1.512) idaṃ virujjhati. Na hi nerayikasatto niddukkho nāma hoti. Kiñcāpi na niddukkho, ruḷhīsaddena pana evaṃ vuccati. Pubbe kira paṭhamakappikānaṃ niddukkhānaṃ sukhasamappitānaṃ esa vohāro, aparabhāge dukkhaṃ hotu vā mā vā, ruḷhīsaddena ayaṃ vohāro vuccateva nippadumāpi nirudakāpi vā pokkharaṇī pokkharaṇī viya.
Oghamatarīti ettha cattāro oghā, kāmogho bhavogho diṭṭhogho avijjoghoti. Tattha pañcasu kāmaguṇesu chandarāgo kāmogho nāma. Rūpārūpabhavesu chandarāgo jhānanikanti ca bhavogho nāma. Dvāsaṭṭhi diṭṭhiyo diṭṭhogho nāma. Catūsu saccesu aññāṇaṃ avijjogho nāma. Tattha kāmogho aṭṭhasu lobhasahagatesu cittuppādesu uppajjati, bhavogho catūsu diṭṭhigatavippayuttalobhasahagatesu cittuppādesu uppajjati, diṭṭhogho catūsu diṭṭhigatasampayuttesu cittuppādesu uppajjati, avijjogho sabbākusalesu uppajjati.
Sabbopi cesa avahananaṭṭhena rāsaṭṭhena ca oghoti veditabbo. Avahananaṭṭhenāti adhogamanaṭṭhena. Ayañhi attano vasaṃ gate satte adho gameti, nirayādibhedāya duggatiyaṃyeva nibbatteti, uparibhāvaṃ vā nibbānaṃ gantuṃ adento adho tīsu bhavesu catūsu yonīsu pañcasu gatīsu sattasu viññāṇaṭṭhitīsu navasu sattāvāsesu ca gametītipi attho. Rāsaṭṭhenāti mahantaṭṭhena. Mahā heso kilesarāsi avīcito paṭṭhāya yāva bhavaggā patthaṭo, yadidaṃ pañcasu kāmaguṇesu chandarāgo nāma. Sesesupi eseva nayo. Evamayaṃ rāsaṭṭhenāpi oghoti veditabbo. Atarīti imaṃ catubbidhampi oghaṃ kena nu tvaṃ, mārisa, kāraṇena tiṇṇoti pucchati.
Athassā bhagavā pañhaṃ vissajjento appatiṭṭhaṃ khvāhantiādimāha. Tattha appatiṭṭhanti appatiṭṭhahanto. Anāyūhanti anāyūhanto, avāyamantoti attho. Iti bhagavā gūḷhaṃ paṭicchannaṃ katvā pañhaṃ kathesi. Devatāpi naṃ sutvā ‘‘bāhirakaṃ tāva oghaṃ tarantā nāma ṭhātabbaṭṭhāne tiṭṭhantā taritabbaṭṭhāne āyūhantā taranti, ayaṃ pana avīcito yāva bhavaggā patthaṭaṃ kilesoghaṃ kilesarāsiṃ appatiṭṭhahanto anāyūhanto atarinti āha. Kiṃ nu kho etaṃ? Kathaṃ nu kho eta’’nti? Vimatiṃ pakkhantā pañhassa atthaṃ na aññāsi.
Kiṃ pana bhagavatā yathā sattā na jānanti, evaṃ kathanatthāya pāramiyo pūretvā sabbaññutā paṭividdhāti? Na etadatthāya paṭividdhā. Dve pana bhagavato desanā niggahamukhena ca anuggahamukhena ca. Tattha ye paṇḍitamānino honti aññātepi ñātasaññino pañcasatā brāhmaṇapabbajitā viya, tesaṃ mānaniggahatthaṃ yathā na jānanti, evaṃ mūlapariyāyādisadisaṃ dhammaṃ deseti. Ayaṃ niggahamukhena desanā. Vuttampi cetaṃ ‘‘niggayha niggayhāhaṃ, ānanda, vakkhāmi, pavayha pavayha, ānanda, vakkhāmi, yo sāro, so ṭhassatī’’ti (ma. ni. 3.196). Ye pana ujukā sikkhākāmā, tesaṃ suviññeyyaṃ katvā ākaṅkheyyasuttādisadisaṃ dhammaṃ deseti, ‘‘abhirama, tissa, abhirama, tissa, ahamovādena ahamanuggahena ahamanusāsaniyā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 3.84) ca ne samassāseti. Ayaṃ anuggahamukhena desanā.
Ayaṃ pana devaputto mānatthaddho paṇḍitamānī, evaṃ kirassa ahosi – ahaṃ oghaṃ jānāmi, tathāgatassa oghatiṇṇabhāvaṃ jānāmi, ‘‘iminā pana kāraṇena tiṇṇo’’ti ettakamattaṃ na jānāmi. Iti mayhaṃ ñātameva bahu, appaṃ aññātaṃ, tamahaṃ kathitamattameva jānissāmi. Kiñhi nāma taṃ bhagavā vadeyya, yassāhaṃ atthaṃ na jāneyyanti. Atha satthā ‘‘ayaṃ kiliṭṭhavatthaṃ viya raṅgajātaṃ abhabbo imaṃ mānaṃ appahāya desanaṃ sampaṭicchituṃ, mānaniggahaṃ tāvassa katvā puna nīcacittena pucchantassa pakāsessāmī’’ti paṭicchannaṃ katvā pañhaṃ kathesi. Sopi nihatamāno ahosi, sā cassa nihatamānatā uttaripañhapucchaneneva veditabbā. Tassa pana pañhapucchanassa ayamattho – kathaṃ pana tvaṃ, mārisa, appatiṭṭhaṃ anāyūhaṃ oghamatari, yathāhaṃ jānāmi, evaṃ me kathehīti.
Athassa bhagavā kathento yadāsvāhantiādimāha. Tattha yadā svāhanti yasmiṃ kāle ahaṃ. Sukāro nipātamattaṃ. Yathā ca ettha, evaṃ sabbapadesu. Saṃsīdāmīti paṭicchannaṃ katvā ataranto tattheva osīdāmi. Nibbuyhāmīti ṭhātuṃ asakkonto ativattāmi. Iti ṭhāne ca vāyāme ca dosaṃ disvā atiṭṭhanto avāyamanto oghamatarinti evaṃ bhagavatā pañho kathito. Devatāyapi paṭividdho, na pana pākaṭo, tassa pākaṭīkaraṇatthaṃ satta dukā dassitā. Kilesavasena hi santiṭṭhanto saṃsīdati nāma, abhisaṅkhāravasena āyūhanto nibbuyhati nāma. Taṇhādiṭṭhīhi vā santiṭṭhanto saṃsīdati nāma, avasesakilesānañceva abhisaṅkhārānañca vasena āyūhanto nibbuyhati nāma. Taṇhāvasena vā santiṭṭhanto saṃsīdati nāma, diṭṭhivasena āyūhanto nibbuyhati nāma. Sassatadiṭṭhiyā vā santiṭṭhanto saṃsīdati nāma, ucchedadiṭṭhiyā āyūhanto nibbuyhati nāma. Olīyanābhinivesā hi bhavadiṭṭhi, atidhāvanābhinivesā vibhavadiṭṭhi . Līnavasena vā santiṭṭhanto saṃsīdati nāma, uddhaccavasena āyūhanto nibbuyhati nāma. Tathā kāmasukhallikānuyogavasena santiṭṭhanto saṃsīdati nāma, attakilamathānuyogavasena āyūhanto nibbuyhati nāma. Sabbākusalābhisaṅkhāravasena santiṭṭhanto saṃsīdati nāma, sabbalokiyakusalābhisaṅkhāravasena āyūhanto nibbuyhati nāma. Vuttampi cetaṃ – ‘‘seyyathāpi, cunda, ye keci akusalā dhammā, sabbe te adhobhāgaṅgamanīyā, ye keci kusalā dhammā, sabbe te uparibhāgaṅgamanīyā’’ti (ma. ni. 1.86).
Imaṃ pañhavissajjanaṃ sutvāva devatā sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāya tuṭṭhā pasannā attano tuṭṭhiñca pasādañca pakāsayantī cirassaṃ vatāti gāthamāha. Tattha cirassanti cirassa kālassa accayenāti attho. Ayaṃ kira devatā kassapasammāsambuddhaṃ disvā tassa parinibbānato paṭṭhāya antarā aññaṃ buddhaṃ na diṭṭhapubbā, tasmā ajja bhagavantaṃ disvā evamāha. Kiṃ panimāya devatāya ito pubbe satthā na diṭṭhapubboti. Diṭṭhapubbo vā hotu adiṭṭhapubbo vā, dassanaṃ upādāya evaṃ vattuṃ vaṭṭati. Brāhmaṇanti bāhitapāpaṃ khīṇāsavabrāhmaṇaṃ. Parinibbutanti kilesanibbānena nibbutaṃ. Loketi sattaloke. Visattikanti rūpādīsu ārammaṇesu āsattavisattatādīhi kāraṇehi visattikā vuccati taṇhā, taṃ visattikaṃ appatiṭṭhamānaṃ anāyūhamānaṃ tiṇṇaṃ nittiṇṇaṃ uttiṇṇaṃ cirassaṃ vata khīṇāsavabrāhmaṇaṃ passāmīti attho.
Samanuñño satthā ahosīti tassā devatāya vacanaṃ citteneva samanumodi, ekajjhāsayo ahosi. Antaradhāyīti abhisaṅkhatakāyaṃ jahitvā attano pakatiupādiṇṇakakāyasmiṃyeva ṭhatvā laddhāsā laddhapatiṭṭhā hutvā dasabalaṃ gandhehi ca mālehi ca pūjetvā attano bhavanaṃyeva agamāsīti.
Oghataraṇasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
